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阻抗消聲器利用布置在管內壁的吸聲材料或吸聲結構，依靠吸聲材料的孔隙，使聲波在其中引起空氣和材料振動而產生摩擦及黏滯阻力，將聲能轉化為熱能而被吸收，使沿管道傳播的噪聲迅速衰減。

阻(zu)(zu)性型消(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器對中、高頻(pin)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的消(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)效果(guo)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)影(ying)響阻(zu)(zu)性消(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器性能的因素有(you)：吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)材(cai)料的種類、吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)層厚度及(ji)密(mi)度、氣流通道斷面(mian)形狀及(ji)大小、氣流速度及(ji)消(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器長(chang)度。吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)材(cai)料的吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性能用吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數α來表示，它是材(cai)料吸(xi)(xi)收的聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能與入射聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能的比值，吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數越大，吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性能越好(hao)(hao)。阻(zu)(zu)性消(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器有(you)管式、片式、格(ge)式(蜂窩(wo)式)、折板(ban)式、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)流式、小室式以及(ji)彎頭等(deng)。